Legal and Social Roots I - Kumpulan Audiobook Bahasa Inggris

jus/jud/jur

You’re doing great! Here are explanations and examples for those words, focusing on their meanings and nuances:

Adjudicate

To adjudicate means to make a formal judgment or decision on a legal case or dispute.

The judge adjudicated the case, finding the defendant guilty.
The arbitration panel adjudicated the dispute between the two parties.
Adjudication is a formal legal process that involves evaluating evidence and applying legal principles.

Adjustment

An adjustment is a change or alteration made to something to improve it, to make it fit better, or to correct a problem.

She made an adjustment to her budget.
He needed to make an adjustment to his glasses.
Adjustments are often necessary to adapt to changing circumstances.

Injustice

Injustice is the state of being unfair or unjust, a violation of rights or principles of fairness.

She protested against social injustice.
He suffered an injustice when he was wrongfully accused.
Injustice can lead to anger, frustration, and conflict.

Jurist

A jurist is a legal expert, a person who is knowledgeable about the law and its principles.

The jurist argued for a stricter interpretation of the law.
She studied law to become a jurist.
Jurists often play a significant role in shaping legal decisions.

Just

Just means fair and right, conforming to the principles of morality and law.

It’s just to punish criminals for their crimes.
She made a just decision in the dispute.
Justice is often sought in legal proceedings and social movements.

Justify

To justify means to provide a good reason or explanation for something, to show that something is right or reasonable.

He tried to justify his actions, but his explanation wasn’t convincing.
The government justified its decision to go to war.
Justifying behavior can be a way to defend oneself or to gain approval.

Maladjusted

Maladjusted means poorly adjusted, not able to cope well with social or psychological challenges.

The child was maladjusted after his parents divorced.
She felt maladjusted in her new school.
Maladjustment can lead to behavioral problems and difficulties in social interactions.

Misjudge

To misjudge means to make a wrong judgment about someone or something, to misunderstand or misinterpret.

He misjudged the situation and made a costly mistake.
She misjudged his intentions and offended him.
Misjudgments can sometimes lead to conflict or regret.

Prejudge

To prejudge means to form an opinion about someone or something before having enough information or evidence.

It’s unfair to prejudge someone based on their appearance.
He prejudged the new student before getting to know him.
Prejudging can lead to bias and unfair treatment.

leg

You’re doing great! Here are explanations and examples for those words, focusing on their meanings and nuances:

Illegitimate

Illegitimate means not lawful or authorized, not valid or recognized by the law. It can also describe something that is not born of a legitimate marriage.

The child was born illegitimate, as his parents were not married.
The government considered the election illegitimate, as it was rigged.
Illegitimate activities are often criminal and subject to legal penalties.

Lawful

Lawful means allowed or permitted by law, legal or legitimate.

It is lawful to vote in elections.
The police conducted a lawful search of the suspect’s home.
Lawful activities are considered to be in accordance with the legal system.

Lawsuit

A lawsuit is a legal action taken in a court of law to resolve a dispute or seek compensation for a wrong.

She filed a lawsuit against the company for breach of contract.
He was involved in a lawsuit over a property dispute.
Lawsuits can be expensive and time-consuming.

Legalize

To legalize means to make something lawful, to allow or permit something by law.

The state legalized recreational marijuana.
The government legalized same-sex marriage.
Legalization often involves changing laws or regulations.

Legislate

To legislate means to make or enact laws, to create or amend legislation.

Congress legislates on a variety of issues, including healthcare, education, and the environment.
The state legislature passed a law raising the minimum wage.
Legislating requires careful consideration and debate.

Legislation

Legislation refers to laws that are made or enacted, a body of laws or statutes.

The new legislation addresses issues of climate change.
The government passed legislation to protect consumers’ rights.
Legislation is a vital part of the legal system.

Legislature

A legislature is a group of people who have the power to make laws, a legislative body.

The U.S. Congress is a bicameral legislature.
The state legislature is responsible for passing laws for that state.
Legislatures often have complex procedures for making and enacting laws.

Legitimate

Legitimate means lawful, genuine, or authentic. It can also describe something that is reasonable or acceptable.

She had a legitimate claim to the inheritance.
The company’s business practices were legitimate.
Legitimate concerns should be addressed with fairness and transparency.

Legitimize

To legitimize means to make something lawful, to make something acceptable or recognized.

The government legitimized the opposition party.
He tried to legitimize his claim to the throne.
Legitimizing something often involves gaining official recognition or approval.

crim

You’re on a roll! Here are explanations and examples for those words, focusing on their meanings and nuances:

Criminality

Criminality refers to the state or quality of being a criminal, the act of committing crimes. It encompasses illegal activities, criminal behavior, and the tendency to engage in law-breaking.

The police investigated the suspect’s history of criminality.
The rise in criminality led to increased security measures.
Criminality often stems from a complex interplay of social, economic, and personal factors.

Criminology

Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals, including its causes, patterns, and prevention. It involves analyzing criminal behavior, investigating crime trends, and developing strategies to combat crime.

She earned a degree in criminology and worked as a crime analyst.
Criminologists often conduct research on topics such as recidivism, criminal profiling, and the effectiveness of different law enforcement strategies.

Decriminalize

To decriminalize means to remove the criminal status of something, to make something legal or not subject to criminal prosecution.

The country decriminalized the possession of small amounts of marijuana.
Decriminalization is often debated as a way to reduce crime, promote public health, or address social justice issues.

Discriminate

To discriminate means to treat someone unfairly based on their race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or other personal characteristics. It can also refer to making a distinction or difference between things.

It is illegal to discriminate against someone based on their race.
The company was accused of discriminating against female employees.
Discrimination can lead to social inequality and injustice.

Incriminate

To incriminate means to provide evidence that suggests someone is guilty of a crime, to accuse someone of wrongdoing.

The witness’s testimony incriminated the suspect.
The evidence found at the crime scene incriminated the defendant.
Incriminating evidence can be crucial in a criminal trial.

Recriminate

To recriminate means to accuse someone of wrongdoing in return for being accused oneself, to counter an accusation with an accusation.

When accused of stealing, he recriminated by accusing his accuser of lying.
Recrimination often escalates conflict and makes resolution more difficult.

Indiscriminate

Indiscriminate means not making careful distinctions, lacking selectivity or discrimination. It can also refer to something that is random or haphazard.

The bombing was an indiscriminate attack that killed both civilians and soldiers.
He had an indiscriminate taste in music, enjoying everything from classical to rock.
Indiscriminate behavior often lacks consideration for consequences.

Let me know if you have any other words you’d like me to explain!

pen

You got it! Here are explanations and examples for those words, focusing on their meanings and nuances:

Impenitent

Impenitent means not feeling sorry for wrongdoing, refusing to repent or show remorse. It suggests a lack of regret or a stubborn refusal to acknowledge fault.

The criminal was impenitent, showing no remorse for his crimes.
He remained impenitent, refusing to apologize for his hurtful words.
Impenitence can be a sign of arrogance, defiance, or a lack of empathy.

Penitent

Penitent means feeling or showing remorse for wrongdoing, expressing sorrow for sins or mistakes. It implies a desire to make amends and seek forgiveness.

The penitent sinner knelt before the altar, seeking forgiveness.
She was penitent for her harsh words and offered a sincere apology.
Penitence is often associated with religious beliefs and the desire to atone for wrongdoing.

Impunity

Impunity means freedom from punishment or the consequences of one’s actions, exemption from liability or penalty.

The dictator ruled with impunity, committing atrocities without fear of retribution.
They acted with impunity, knowing they could escape punishment.
Impunity often fosters a sense of entitlement and encourages wrongdoing.

Pain

Pain is a physical or emotional suffering, a feeling of discomfort or distress.

He felt intense pain after the injury.
She was in emotional pain after the breakup.
Pain can be both physical and psychological, and it can have a profound impact on our lives.

Painful

Painful describes something that causes pain, something that is unpleasant or distressing.

The surgery was a painful experience.
His words were painful, causing her emotional distress.
Painful memories can linger long after the initial event.

Penalize

To penalize means to punish someone for breaking a rule or law, to impose a penalty or sanction.

The referee penalized the player for a foul.
The company was penalized for violating environmental regulations.
Penalties are often intended to deter future wrongdoing.

Penance

Penance is an act of self-punishment or atonement for wrongdoing, a way to express remorse or seek forgiveness.

She did penance for her sins by fasting and praying.
He performed acts of penance to atone for his mistakes.
Penance is often a religious practice, but it can also be a personal act of self-reflection and atonement.

Penology

Penology is the study of punishment, especially as it relates to prisons, criminal justice systems, and the rehabilitation of offenders.

He studied penology and became a prison warden.
Penology explores various theories and practices of punishment, such as deterrence, rehabilitation, and retribution.

Punitive

Punitive means intended to punish someone or something, designed to inflict punishment or discipline.